Book Dedication
for Martha
who is my companion
over fence and field, and hill and dale
in search of the
megaliths, cairns, quoits, dolmens, barrows, and tumuli
whose innocent questions
often lead to wonderful new ideas
whose masterful photography
has solved more than one ancient puzzle
who took the picture of Balnuaran of Clava
found on the cover of this book
which by fortuitous coincidence
reminds of
"Les Bords De L'Epte A Giverny"
by Claude Monet (1840-1926)
a favorite painter of ours
whose principle of "art" was to paint
"what is seen rather than what is known"
(quoted from the Encyclopaedia Britannica)
which is a principle of “vision” followed in this book.
Our message for all who read or hear of this book is:
“Open up your eyes, and LOOK at what you actually see
not at what you think you know to see – which may not be so.”
Acknowledgments
These are the Acknowledgments in Stars Stones and Scholars.
Thank you is an important part of life.
The Enablement of this Book
The greatest of thanks are due to Thomas Buck Schulhof, without whom the publication of this book would not have been possible. May the megalithic gods smile upon him.
People and Literature
To thank all persons who played an important part in the life-long development of the ideas contained in this book - would fill a separate book even thicker than this one. Thank you everyone – family, friends and colleagues. The bibliographical footnotes contain only the most recent applicable sources used. Thousands of other books read preceded this book written. Thank you authors.
Online Sources
This author teaches research and writing at the University level, teaching that successful research is a matter of thoroughness and independence. One must use the best resources available, and if possible, original sources, untainted by possibly erring “authority”. In the modern digital world, internet research is indispensable for megalithic research. The amount of original available online megalithic and related geodetic and astronomy material has exploded in recent years. Some generations ago, people knew only of Stonehenge. But the World Wide Web has made thousands of other – previously often otherwise unknown - megalithic sites visitable at the click of a mouse. This has made possible the virtual visiting of megalithic sites, and in our case, has enabled us to make original drawings of megalithic sites which rely on data gleaned from photographs and other information found online. Such use of online sites is acknowledged directly on the appropriate pages – for all of our original drawings in this book.
We are thus very thankful to the following online sites, listed alphabetically [the number(s) in parentheses refer to the appropriate page(s) in this book for drawings similar to photographs]:
http://www3.shiny.it/caprione/ (277)
http://armorance.free.fr/samson1.htm (347)
http://bresse.revermont.chez.tiscali.fr/architecture/les_vestiges.htm (345)
http://cgcas.org/mcirc.htm (376)
http://dhr.dos.state.fl.us/brickellpoint/ (375)
http://dolmen2.free.fr/oc2/Megalithes_Aud.html (335)
http://golfe.du.morbihan.free.fr/fr/images/gavrinis.jpg (351)
http://haldjas.folklore.ee/folklore/vol11/pics/ (317, 318)
http://home.rhein-zeitung.de/~rgzm.neuwied/gravplat.htm (273)
http://intarch.ac.uk/antiquity/scarre.html (338)
http://marzina.free.fr/dept35/ (346)
http://metropolis.japantoday.com (357)
http://perso.wanadoo.fr/jacques.brasme/jacques.brasme/Bonnetimages.htm (342)
http://rubens.anu.edu.au/new/japan/asuka/megaliths/294.jpg (356)
http://spaziowind.libero.it/escursioni/megalitismo.htm (347)
http://users.pandora.be/wouter.wylin/atlantisring/carnac.jpg (329)
http://www.abdn.ac.uk/~lib266/stones/oldmeldr.htm (63)
http://www.afs.org/partners/rus/event/rockart/arsen.htm (315)
http://www.alkelda.f9.co.uk/ (156-159)
http://www.anima.demon.co.uk/sites/ (86)
http://www.asukanet.gr.jp/asukahome/ (355, 357)
http://www.beyond-the-pale.co.uk/genius.htm (174, 180, 185-189, 198, 204, 223)
http://www.bondy.ird.fr/pleins_textes_4/sci_hum/ (102)
http://www.border-stones.fsnet.co.uk/ (45, 64-74)
http://www.bradshawfoundation.com/ (297)
http://www.bretagne-celtic.com/an/accueil_an.htm (345-348, 350, 352)
http://www.brian-zimmermann.de/norden_germanen.htm (244, 245)
http://www.britac.ac.uk/news/reports/archaeology/maiden.html (149)
http://www.caer.co.uk/fogou.htm (90)
http://www.cadrancroixverte.waika9.com/jour.html (338)
http://www.caradon.gov.uk/region/minions/trethevy.htm (94)
http://www.cc-ainternet.com/tourisme/vestiges.htm (345)
http://www.celtic-connection.com/myth/myth-gal.html (179, 210)
http://www.celticwestwales.com (170)
http://www.chez.com/megalithe/ (334, 337, 340, 341, 343, 344, 353)
http://www.coelum.com/astroshop/poster/giganti/ngo6960.jpg (149)
http://www.creswell-crags.org.uk (153-154)
http://www.culture.fr/culture/arcnat/lascaux/en/ (14)
http://www.culture.fr/culture/arcnat/megalithes/index.html (353)
http://www.culture.gouv.fr/culture/arcnat/chauvet/en/index.html (322)
http://www.die-gemeinnuetzige-kuecknitz.de/seiten/huenengrab-winter.htm (243)
http://www.eng-h.gov.uk (137)
http://www.eurydice.fsnet.co.uk/stonehenge.htm (124, 126)
http://www.fietz-online.de/megalith/sp/ (243)
http://www.galway.net/pages/oneachtain-tours/gallery (179)
http://www.genji.onlinehome.de/bretagne/ile/gavrinis.htm (351)
http://www.geocities.com/altitona/visit.htm (338)
http://www.gothicimage.co.uk/books/fogou1.html (90)
http://www.groups.msn.com/Bandarach/sitesofireland (220)
http://www.heiligesteine.de/uebersicht/gold_hirsch/ (259)
http://www.hr-online.de/fs/abenteuerde/archiv/2001/010901.html (262)
http://www.impenderevero.com/b5.html (346)
http://www.iol.ie/~stmrysba/ceide2.htm (206)
http://www.islandlife.org/ancient_monuments_gsy.htm (331)
http://www.kapea.de/kfz/steinhaus/ (246, 248)
http://www.kents-cavern.co.uk (91)
http://www.kultplatztours.de/Sagen/Riesenstein/ (263)
http://www.leafpile.com/TravelLog/Ireland (216)
http://www.lessing4.de/megalithen/ (244, 248, 270, 284, 350)
http://www.liverpoolcollege.co.uk/Mosaic/calderstones.htm (155)
http://www.mamuthonesmamoiada.it/archeologia.htm (281)
http://www.megalithia.com/brittany/carnac/ (352)
http://www.megalithomania.com (175-178, 182-184, 189, 192, 193, 197, 199-203, 205, 208, 209, 212, 213, 215, 217-219, 221, 224, 336, 342)
http://www.megaliths.co.uk (179)
http://www.members.aol.com/catworkpro/index.htm (249)
http://www.members.koom.virgilio.it/francescoraf/heysra/palettes/ (304)
http://www.moringen.de (264)
http://www.mythicalireland.com/ancientsites/air/ (210, 211)
http://www.myweb.tiscali.co.uk/celynog/liverpool.htm (155)
http://www.ne.jp/asahi/stellar/scenes/object_e/veil.htm (149)
http://www.pref.nara.jp/ (357)
http://www.richkni.co.uk/dartmoor/prosper.htm (93)
http://www.rotyers.tripod.com/barclodiad.htm (167)
http://www.samorini.net/doc/sam/bego.htm (333)
http://www.shef.ac.uk/~capra/2/upwards.html (138)
http://www.sover.net/~ihoeywo/corringdonball.htm (93)
http://www.stetson.edu/departments/religion/lucas/ (352)
http://www.stonehenge.brain-jogging.com/hessen.htm (263-265)
http://www.stonepages.com/ (277, 337, 349)
http://www.surf.agri.ch/tschumi/Deutschland.htm (274)
http://www.sven-und-katja.de/ (246, 286, 288, 290, 292-297)
http://www.tachauch.de/background/natur/matur/0707_visbek.html (247)
http://www.themodernantiquarian.com (64, 191, 195, 196, 214, 217, 219)
http://www.thrudheim.org/news/paderborn/images/ (252-255)
http://www.tomifobia.com/pix/stonehenge_sepia.jpg (127)
http://www.town.kanayama.gifu.jp/megaliths/ (358)
http://www.tuland.edu/~danny/beag.jpg (187)
http://www.walter-hermann.de (335, 351)
http://www.web.genie.it/utenti/m/malta_mega_temples/hypo/plan.html (298)
http://www.web.uk.online.co.uk/megalithics/ (85, 166)
http://www.westcountryviews.co.uk/bodminmoor/trethevy/ (94)
We surely have missed a few sites in the above list but the exclusion was not intentional. We may simply have forgotten you. The listed sites are just a small selection of the hundreds of websites and thousands of pages visited in the course of writing this book, and, of course, we can not cite them all here.
Thanks to the men and women who lived on this earth before us and created the masterful works of art and technology which we study and use today.
Time and time again scientific research is faced
by the surprising fact
that worldwide ties must have existed
in ancient times
in the area of astronomy
and that these apparently reach back
into the prehistoric era.
- Dr. Robert Böker in Vol. 10 A, p. 501,
Pauly’s Realencyclopädie
der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft
citation translated from the German by Andis Kaulins
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